VALIDITY OF DIETARY GLYCEMIC LOAD AS A PREDICTOR OF POSTPRANDIAL GLYCEMIA AND INSULINEMIA IN LEAN, YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS
J. Bao (1), F. Atkinson (1), P. Petocz (2), W. Willett (3), J. Brand-Miller (1)
1 Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition & Exercise, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
2 Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
3 Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
Background: The concept of dietary glycemic load (GL, defined as the mathematical product of the glycemic index (GI) and carbohydrate content of a serving of food) is increasingly used in nutritional epidemiology. Its ability to predict postprandial glycemia and insulinemia for a wide range of foods or mixed meals is unclear.
Objective: To determine the degree of association between calculated GL and glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects consuming iso-energetic portions of single foods and meals.
Design: In study one, groups of healthy subjects consumed 1000 kJ portions of 121 single foods in 10 food categories. In study two, healthy volunteers consumed 2000 kJ of 13 mixed meals. Foods and meals varied widely in macronutrient content, fibre and GL. Glycemia and insulinemia were quantified as incremental area under the curve relative to a reference food (=100).
Outcomes: GL was the strongest predictor of the observed glucose and insulin responses induced by single foods (r = 0.92 and 0.77 respectively, both P< 0.001), accounting for 84% and 59% of the variation in glucose and insulin responses respectively. For mixed meals, responses varied over a five-fold range and were strongly correlated with GL (r = 0.76, P= 0.002 for glucose and r = 0.68, P= 0.01 for insulin). In contrast, macronutrients and fibre were not significant predictors of either response.
Conclusion: The findings provide robust support for the physiological validity of GL in predicting both postprandial glycemia and insulin demand to a wide variety of foods and meals.
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS OF PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE 1B AND RISK OF HYPERTENSION
P. Gu (1), H. Du (1), B. Lu (1), J. Shao (1), D. Zou (2)
1 Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
2 Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
Aim: To investigate whether Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with hypertension and hypertension related metabolic traits in Chinese subjects.
Methods A total of 239 Chinese patients with hypertension and 141 non-hypertensive subjects were screened. The genotypes of PTP-1B gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.
Results: The case-control study showed associations between the frequencies of T allelic g54281 T>A and A allele of I5/37C>A and hypertension. (p<0.0001, P=0.0371 respectively). In addition, significant associations were observed between the IVS6 + G82A polymorphism and waist circumference, total cholesterol and LDL levels in hypertensive patients (P=0.0005~0.0260). And g54281 T allele was associated with higher plasma triglyceride (p=0.0390) and LDL- cholesterol concentration (P =0.0141). While g58585 T>C was associated with BMI (P =0.0308), waist circumference (P =0.0216) and HOMA-IR (p=0.047). 0.047). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T allele carriers of g54281T>A and A allele carriers of I5/37C>A had higher risks of hypertension independent of age, gender, BMI, glucose levels and lipids profiles (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.09– 2.96, P =0.02; OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.13– 2.44, P =0.01, respectively).
Conclusions: PTP1B polymorphisms contribute to pathogenesis of hypertension in Chinese subjects, and PTP1B SNPs may be involved in the development of several features including dyslipidemia and obesity in hypertension subjects.
HIGH SERUM IgA CONCENTRATIONS AND RISKS OF IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE, HYPERTENSION, AND HYPERCHOLESTEROL AMONG CHILDREN
C.C. Liao (1), F.C. Sung (2), T.C. Su (3), K.L. Chien (3), Y.T. Lee (4)
1 Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital
2 College of Public Health, China Medical University
3 Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
4 Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and impaired fasting glucose, hypertension and hypercholesterol among children.
METHODS: From 1992 to 2000, a nationwide mass urine screening was conducted to identify proteinuria, glucosuria, and/or hematuria for all school graders in Taiwan Province. Students with urine screening positive twice received health check-up for anthropometric measures and selected blood tests including fasting glucose, total cholesterol, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. We stratified IgA concentration into deciles levels for measuring the associations with impaired fasting glucose and interaction with obesity.
RESULTS: Among 92514 students with screening positive, the median IgA level increased from 94 mg/dL in the lowest decile to 348 mg/dL in the highest decile with a median of 190 mg/dL. Mean age, body mass index, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and total cholesterol increased as IgA increased, with impaired fasting glucose increased from 11.0% in the lowest decile to 19.0% in the highest (p<0.0001). The corresponding prevalence of hypertension increased from 7.5% to 10.8%, respectively (p<0.0001). School children with an IgA in the highest decile had an adjusted odds ratios of 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.62-1.93) for impaired fasting glucose; the odds ratio increased to 2.93 (95% CI = 1.93-4.44) for obese children.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that children with higher IgA are at higher risk of impaired fasting glucose, particularly for obese children with high IgA.
ASSOCIATION OF PARAOXONASE 1 GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS (IMT) OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES IN JAPANESE TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
I. Yamamoto (1), T. Honda (1), K. Takada (1), M. Maeda (2), S. Nonen (2), T. Motomura (3), K. Maeda (3), Y. Fujio (4), J. Azuma (2)
1 Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
2 Hyogo University of Health Science, Hyogo, Japan
3 NTT West Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
4 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Aim: We investigated the association between paraoxonase 1 (PON1)-192 genotypes and IMT values of carotid arteries that correlate with the progression of systemic atherosclerosis in diabetic Japanese patients.
Methods: One hundred and fifty-five Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged from 40 to 79 years without major cardiovascular events and severe nephropathy were enrolled in this study. Genotypes of the patients were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. IMT of carotid arteries of the subjects was recorded by B-mode ultrasound imaging.
Results: The genotypes QQ, QR and RR were found in 18(0.116), 70(0.452) and 67(0.432) patients respectively. IMT values of the RR group were significantly greater (1.08±0.41mm, n=67) than those of the Q group, consisting of patients carrying one or two Q alleles (0.95±0.27mm, n=88, P=0.023). There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that PON1-192RR genotype is associated with development of atherosclerosis.
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